Sunday, April 22, 2018

Week 16 of 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Prompt - Storms

52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks
Week 16  Prompt - Storms


My husband's mother has just turned 90. Her name is Clara Hoffart. She was born in small town Saskatchewan, Killaly and lived on a farm for much of her childhood. Clara had two older siblings, Herb and Elsie. Her mother was Ida (nee Bachmann) and her father was Arthur Jahnke. It has been my pleasure to interview and listen to her stories about her life. She has a very sharp mind and long memory.
In one of our meetings she was reminiscing about living on the farm. It did not sound like an easy life. She said they had many a tough years especially through the late 1930's. Her story was set at this time in her family's farm life.
Summer thunderstorms in Saskatchewan are awe inspiring and I think you have to had lived on the prairies to know that. There is nothing like the black skies and slow rolling thunder and the sheet lightening.
Clara remembers this one particular storm. She remembers it as being just before her brother's confirmation because they were going to go into town to order a new suit for his special day. But first her father decided to take the binder out and work the land. A binder is a machine that would cut the grain and as it sounds bind it together with binder twine and send it back to the field to be later stooked. Art had apparently made two complete rounds of the field before he saw the dark clouds rolling in. He could also hear the roar that accompanies these rather severe storms with hail in them. He knew he did not have time to do another round so he put the binder and the horses into the barn. He went into the farm house and asked if Clara was home from school yet and she wasn't. Clara remembers being let out of school early that day because of the storm. She started walking home which was her usual. The school was 2.5 miles down the road. Her father jumped into the car and headed out to get her. He caught up to her about .5 mile away and picked her up asking her to jump into the car quickly. By the time they got the car into the barn, the hail was bouncing off the ground about 2 feet. They made it into the house but were immediately tasked by Ida to hold pillows against the west windows so they wouldn't break. The windows did not break and the storm did pass. The crops were damaged. The ever optimistic attitude her father quipped that at least he had enough to seed the following year. Clara will always remember the storm and especially waking up the next morning and still seeing a foot of hail on the ground. Though Clara remembers the best thing about the storm was that her mother was able to make ice cream from all the ice that was still about.
Although this story is in particular about a Saskatchewan prairie farm, it occurs to me that it is a universal story for any farm that ever existed. I'm sure that this was experienced by all of my ancestors through history. The Peters who lived in the Chortitza Colony in South Russia, or later when they moved to Southern Manitoba and yet again when they moved to Hague Saskatchewan. Also by the Krikaus as they moved from Prussia to Warenburg, Russia and then immigrated to the Rosthern, Saskatchewan. Mother nature is in charge twisting the fate of farmers for ever.

Wendy




Binder Pulled by Horses.  Arthur Jahnke

Arthur Jahnke on Binder

The Killaly Farm Barn On Jahnke Farm

Sunday, April 15, 2018

Week 15 of 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Promp - Taxes

52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks
Week 15 Prompt-Taxes 

My grandmother McLaughlin's (Mary McLaughlin / Sullivan nee; Krikau) oral history is such a family treasure. I must thank my cousin for asking her about her life's story and my sister for writing it down and keeping it. I have read it many times and many times I missed her story about a failed border crossing due to a “head tax”. Her second paragraph reads as follows:

“AFTER OUR STAY IN ROSTHERN WE WERE ON OUR WAY TO CALIFORNIA, BUT WERE STOPPED IN WINNIPEG , MANITOBA AS GRANDPA DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO PAY THE HEAD TAX FOR THE EIGHT OF US. THE REASON WE WERE ON OUR WAY TO CALIFORNIA WAS A YOUNG STOWAWAY ON THE BOAT THAT BROUGHT US FROM RUSSIA WAS REDEEMED BY GRAMPA AND HE REPAYED GRAMPA BY SENDING HIM TICKETS FOR US TO GO TO CALIFORNIA. GRAMPA DID NOT KNOW THAT THERE WOULD BE AN ADDI'TIIONAL CHARGE OF AN HUNDRED DOLLARS A HEAD FOR US TO GO TO THE STATES. AS A RESULT WE SPENT THE NEXT NUMBER OF YEARS IN WINNIPEG.”

Of course the reference to grandpa is of her father, Andreas Krikau (1879 to 1946). The Krikaus were Lutheran in faith and of deep religious conviction. It comes as no surprise that he would have “redeemed” a passenger who was no less the stowaway. What surprised me is that a stowaway was able to get money together to send to Andreas for passage of him and his family to California.
I delved into Ancestry to find the border crossing that my grandmother spoke of. It did not help that the family was listed as "Krikan". The Border crossing documents showed that on 29 August 1913 Andreas and family attempted entry to the US with the intended destination of Sanger, CA. where they were joining a "friend" Jacob Smith. The family was denied entry – debarred was stamped across their names by American authorities upon examination in Winnipeg. Documentation shows that while tickets to Sanger had been paid for by Smith and thereby naming them “assisted aliens”, Andreas did not have sufficient cash to satisfy US requirements. The documentation showed that Andreas had only 56 dollars in his possession.
I googled immigration and “head taxes” for hours trying to find anything that might mention that they needed to pay a tax per person including children. The only reference to head tax was the infamous Chinese Head Tax that both America and Canada levied against immigrants from China. Around this time the authorities of United States was trying to tighten up admissions to their country but generally had no limitations for entrance except being sick or likely need assistance to live in the US. It was not until 1917 that literacy was added as a restriction to entry to USA. Andreas and family's native language was German.
I gather then that the American authorities thought that Andreas Krikau did not have sufficient cash to care for his family of eight in California.
At this pivotal moment this branch of the Krikau tree became Canadians instead of Americans from California. Eventually Andreas, his wife and all of their children except Grandma McLaughlin became naturalized Americans. Grandma McLaughlin was married to her first husband at the time her family moved to the USA. Thus we are Canadian.
Can anyone tell me if there was a tax imposed on immigrants? No matter where I looked I did not find one.
Wendy

August 1913 Failed Border Crossing





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